The simple basic application of all communication satellites or low earth orbit or geostationary orbit, which involves the transfer of information from an originating station to Earth, the satellite in question, as the "link-up, followed by re-broadcasting the same information for the workstation to the ground. This transfer is renamed to "off-switch." The downlink data can be for a specific earth station or the transmission on a selected numberEarth stations located in an area large. To run this uplink and downlink satellite equipped with a receiver and a receiving antenna, a transmitter and a transmitting antenna as a set of walkie-talkies, a receiver and a transmitter with the antenna, even here, " "beneficiary" transfer "occurs through the same antenna. Satellites require separate antennas for the two functions to receive and send. Furthermore, the electronic satellite switch. Itlogic used to pass the uplink signal, down with a link to its centers of land. It has a black-box electronic 'to destination or destination of the signals is to determine the related ground stations. It 'important that when the electric current in a live satellite is required by electronic circuits. The exact structure of the components of a satellite can vary from one to another, depending on its actual use, but the basic elementrequirements remain the same.
The electrical current through the satellites required for receiving and transmitting signals depends very much on its orbit, as it is, if it is a low earth orbit or geosynchronous satellite. Electricity needed, depending on the altitude of the satellite above the ground. The higher a satellite that would need much power for the basic operation of reception and transmission of signals based on these, a geostationary satellite, is aaltitude of 22300 km, would require much more electricity than the satellites in low orbit, which is located a few hundred kilometers from Earth. In theory, a geosynchronous satellite requires 10,000 times the electricity compared to the satellite in low orbit. This is a lot of power and satellite was designed to develop a compromise, and without the application reliability.
A satellite is typically made from a battery or solarsystem. In some communications satellites, a combination of battery and solar energy is used, the batteries supply power for the electronics of satellites, with a change from the sun during the solar cycle, while the batteries to be left loaded. The battery is running during eclipses, when solar panels are inactive.
The main difference between satellites in different orbital path and the antenna. This design antennaOptimum power of a satellite. Basically, there are many models available for antenna. Some others, direct their radiation in a certain direction, and there are, which are omnidirectional, radiating around. This principle is further fueled by a satellite communication. If you look at the altitude where the satellite's orbit, even a large area of this land will only be a place in a space of this height. With ground stations in a relatively smallA well-designed antenna radiating signals limited in this area, and not in another direction. With a larger diameter dish antenna, fell within the radiation in relation to certain design parameters.
One of the parameters of such a project called "win" an antenna. It will tell us how much more power would be required to beam the signals on a square mile of a field, the transmission power uniformly distributed (isotropic distribution) in all directionsin this area. This is one of the main criteria of design, which uses less electrical power required for a geostationary satellite, in comparison with the money that would, in theory.
The greater the difference between the antenna system into a geosynchronous satellite and ground-level satellites is that if the antenna is always in search of Earth. Although it is relatively easy for a geosynchronous satellite which is stationary relative to the rotation of the Earth, satellites in low earth orbitZoom past any point on Earth every 5 to 10 minutes. In this case it becomes difficult to maintain the orientation of the antenna, as required.
Earth Station is a moving target, look for low-orbit satellite and a sort of monitoring system should be integrated into the design so that the satellite ground station tracks, so that the place is the orbital path. The other alternative is that such a project, so that the antenna can transmit at a wider angle than alarger area of land, so that the receiver or transmitter is always within range of reception and transmission of signals. That the gain of the antenna to reduce and maintain the right to acquire a power much more will need to send a signal to the transfer.
How do you get this power? One might wonder why broadcasters are not supposed to the way in which thousands of watts of power. It 'simply is not possible for this typeavailable in a spacecraft force. The power is generated by mobile phones or set of batteries on the craft or large solar panels mounted on satellites. These solar cells are a lot of solar cells that generate the electricity needed by the sunlight, while charging the batteries during daylight hours only. During the time when it is dark, the production moved to Batteries .. These solar cells are similar to those of a calculator.There is a limit to the number of these solar panels can generate. This limit is of fundamental importance for the limit of how much energy in a satellite system generated. In practice, some of the satellite solar panels generate several thousands of watts of electricity. It is not conceivable only in the provision of such high-power transmitters on board satellites, as desired.
Built-in batteries are inserted, when the earth is between the satellite and the Sun, where solar panels do notdo not get the sunlight is necessary for the production of electricity. Therefore, the batteries remain in good condition to resume production of energy when needed.
Satellite receive and transmit signals at two different frequencies. Here we find the use of transponders in a satellite system. A transponder is a part of a satellite system that receives signals from ground stations and returns to Earth designatedstation or stations. Uplink of any signal from the ground station is done with a plate of "antenna show the direction of the satellite. This signal is sent to a transponder on board. The signal intensity of the transponders that are moving to another frequency, and send to Earth. This change in frequency of the signal received from the broadcast signal, is to avoid any interference between the sender and the receiver frequency. A satellite downlink ground stationlook at the satellite, to capture the signal from the transponder, which is then processed. Satellites can receive the signals in the downlink to ground stations in a very particular time. The system has the advantage that the ability to uplink and downlink to the ground thousands of miles away, with several satellites broadcast signals can easily cover the entire world.
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Very well thought out product, great performance
